Romanticism
| Romanticism was a trend in the art scene, literature and classical music in Europe and US from 1800 to 1850s, designed by the Saturn cult (Roman Empire, Holy Roman Empire of the Habsburgs and jesuits, the Catholic Church) as propaganda of the elite, the highest class. It served as a dialectic reaction to the Industrial Revolution (problem-reaction-solution). It promoted indulgence in emotions (alchemists use poisoning to conquer spiritual faculties) black magic (paganism), nostalgic yearning for glorious past (program nationalism), cultivated individualism and solitude for the masses. |  |
Romanticism in classical music was a reaction to the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, Joseph Hayden, Wolfgang Mozart (mason, friend of Adam Weishaupt, daughter of Daniel Itzig as patron) with moderate emotional expression.
Classical music: Ludwig van Beethoven (Moonlight Sonata, 3d symphony Napoleon, Fur Elise, Fidelio, 9th symphony), Robert Schumann (Mannfred based on work of Lord Byron), Franz Schubert, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Richard Strauss, Frederic Chopin, Franz Liszt (Unity lodge in Frankfurt, pop star phenomenon), Dvorak Grieg. Bela Bartok's teacher was a student of Liszt. In the works of Gustav Mahler the classical orchestra was expanded. Romantic composers deliberately used emotional effect.
Beethoven had Joseph von Sonnenfels as teacher and Rudolf Habsburg as patron. He wrote his 9th symphony based on a poem of Friedrich Schiller (ideal of universal brotherhood, Revelation 911, anthem of the European Union).
Moses Mendelssohn, father of Schlegel's
wife Dorothea Mendelssohn and grandfather of composer Felix Mendelssohn who helped
popularising the works of Bach, played a role in the
Haskalah movement, the jewish Enlightenment
like the Itzig family (Mozart's patrons).
Opera: German opera Richard Wagner (married to the daughter of Franz Liszt, the Ring Cycle, friend of Friedrich Nietzsche), Richard Strauss, Italian opera with Giacomo Rossini, Giuseppe Verdi. Niccolo Paganini was one of the first violin virtuoso's with a celebrity culture comparable to modern pop stars. Richard Strauss composed an opera based on Oscar Wilde's Salome and Also Sprach Zarathustra based on book of Friedrich Nietzsche.
Painting: Caspar David Friedrich, Girodet (student of neo-classicist JL David), Théodore Géricault (The Raft of the Medusa), jesuit Eugène Delacroix, John Fuseli (paintings of demons), William Turner, Gustave Wappers (painting the Belgian Revolution),..
Literature: Germany Johann von Goethe (Illuminati), Friedrich Schlegel, Friedrich Schiller, Friedrich Hölderlin (room mates of GWF Hegel), Novalis, Heinrich Heine, Lord Byron,..
In 1774 he published The Suffering of the Young Werther, which propagated the romantic ideal of the tragic poet and caused a wave of suicides
England: William Wordsworth,
William Blake, Samuel Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Shelley, Mary
Shelley, Walter Scott, Mary Shelley, Thomas Carlyle,..
France: Victor Hugo (mason, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Bourbons as patron), Nicholas Bonneville, ..
Portugal: Almeida Garrett (mason),..
Italy: Giacomo Leopardi,..
Russia: Alexander Pushkin,..
US: Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville,..
Germaine de Staël used the term in De l'Allemagne and held salons with Louis Bonaparte (Grand Orient), Lord Byron, Friedrich Schlegel, Jane Davy (wife of Royal Society president Humpfry Davy), ..
Romanticism gave rise to German nationalism (brothers Grimm, Illuminati-member Johann Herder) and theories about the Aryan race. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi reformed the education system based on Romantic ideals.
Jesuit Charles Baudelaire played a role in the Decadence movement and Stéphane Mallarmé in the Symbolist movement.
In the 20th century the program Modernism was implemented and classical music was commercialised in the music industry. Romanticism continued in the Gothic New Wave trend (Morrisey, Joy Division, The Cure,..) and Hollywood movies.